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Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in Europe - Laboratory versus Real-World Emissions

机译：欧洲乘用车的燃料消耗和CO2排放-实验室排放与实际排放

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Official laboratory monitoring data indicate a progressive decline in the average fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of the European passenger car fleet. There is increasing evidence to suggest that officially reported CO2 values do not reflect the actual performance of the vehicles on the road. A reported difference of 30-40% between official values and real-world estimates was found which has been continuously increasing. This paper reviews the influence of different factors which affect fuel consumption and CO2 emissions on the road and in the laboratory. Factors such as driving behavior, vehicle configuration and traffic conditions are reconfirmed as highly influential. Neglected factors (eg side winds, rain, road grade) which may have significant contributions are also identified. Results show that the certification procedure margins can account between 10-20% in the gap between the official values and reality which was estimated to be in the order of 40% (47.5gCO2/km) but could range up to 60% or down to 19% depending on traffic conditions. The introduction of a new test protocol is expected to bridge about half of the present divergence between laboratory and real world. Despite the substantial research found on the topic a lack of common test procedures, analysis tools and methods and most importantly coordinated activity across different countries has been identified. Additional research is needed in order to accurately reproduce real world vehicle operation and propose targeted actions for CO2 reduction. In-use fuel consumption monitoring could be used in order to assess the gap on a continuous basis.
机译：官方实验室监测数据表明，欧洲乘用车车队的平均油耗和二氧化碳排放量正在逐步下降。越来越多的证据表明，官方报告的CO2值不能反映车辆在道路上的实际性能。据报告，官方价值与实际估算值之间存在30-40％的差异，而且这种差异一直在不断增加。本文回顾了影响燃油消耗和CO2排放的各种因素对道路和实验室的影响。再次确认诸如驾驶行为，车辆配置和交通状况之类的因素具有很大的影响力。还确定了可能造成重大影响的被忽略因素（例如，侧风，降雨，道路坡度）。结果表明，认证程序的利润空间可占官方价值与实际价格之间的差距的10％至20％，估计约为40％（47.5gCO2 / km），但最高可达60％或更低。 19％视交通情况而定。预计将引入新的测试协议，以弥合目前实验室与现实世界之间约一半的分歧。尽管已对该主题进行了大量研究，但仍发现缺乏通用的测试程序，分析工具和方法以及最重要的是在不同国家之间进行协调的活动。为了准确地再现现实世界的车辆运行状况并提出针对性的二氧化碳减排行动，还需要进行其他研究。可以使用使用中的油耗监控，以便连续评估差距。

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